FUNCTIONAL DISORDER AND CHANGES IN UROLOGICAL SYSTEM: PROBLEM AND MANAGEMENT THEREOF

Abstract

The primary role of the urinary system is to ensure that bodily fluid occur in both volume and composition within normal ranges. It is frequently referred to as the renal system since one component of this role is to cleanse the body of waste products that gather as a result of cellular metabolism. Age-related alterations in glomerular basement membrane thickness, tubulointerstitial modifications, variations in the total nephron size and number, and elevated glomerulosclerosis are all observed. The urothelium is a transitional epithelium with the luminal surface comprised of a unique layer of umbrella cells. The kidneys produce the urine and are responsible for the other urinary system activities. Urinary bladder serves as a temporary urine storage and is reached by the ureters. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a collection of symptoms with pain as its overarching symptom.